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Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi
Ali Jawdat al-Ayubi (علي جودت الأيوبي, 1886 - March 3, 1969) was Prime Minister of Iraq 1934–1935, 1949–1950, 1957.
Ali Jawdat Al-Ayubi was born in Mosul in 1886 while Iraq was under Ottoman rule. His father served as a police sergeant, and upon retirement owned a grocery store. At a young age, Ali was dispatched by his parents from Mosul on a ten-day boat trip to Baghdad, where he stayed in the care of an aunt and attended the Rashidiyeh military school. Upon graduation, he went by camel and ship to Istanbul where he attended the Military College with other Iraqis, including Jaafar al-Askari, Nuri al-Said, Jamil al-Madfai and Yaseen al-Hashimi. With these latter, he fought during the First World War throughout the Arab lands for independence from Ottoman rule. Upon establishment in 1921 of the Kingdom of Iraq, with King Feisal the First as its ruler, each served in turn in positions of leadership. Ali Jawdat served as Military Governor for Aleppo and Homs, during the short-lived tenure of the first Arab kingdom in Syria, under King Faisal, and thereafter served in turn as Governor of Hilla, Nejef, Kerbela, Mosul, Diyala, and Basra and variously as Minister of Finance, Minister of the Interior, Foreign Minister and Iraqi Ambassador to the Court of St. James, France and Washington, where he established the first Iraqi embassy in the US. He served three times as Prime Minister (1934, 1949 and 1957), successively under King Faisal the First, King Ghazi the First and King Faisal the Second.
The name “Jawdat” was given to him by his teachers and colleagues, and it means “quality” in Arabic. An ardent Arab nationalist, he espoused an inclusionary, non-sectarian vision of Iraq, encompassing its various ethnicities, sects and tribes. He strove to achieve greater autonomy from the influence of Great Britain, as embodied principally in the acquiescent behavior of the Regent, Abdul Ilah and occasionally of his friend Nuri Al Said, and once resigned as Finance Minister in Nuri Pasha's cabinet in protest at a treaty of cooperation with Great Britain to which Nuri agreed.
The Iraqi monarchy, represented by King Feisal the Second, was toppled in 1958 in a bloody coup led by Abdel Karim Qasim, driven by months of intensive radio propaganda by Egyptian President Nasser’s Voice of the Arabs. Ali Jawdat survived this coup, but Nuri al-Said and other leaders did not.
While Military Governor of Aleppo and Homs in 1919, he met and married Nazik Tahseen, and they had three children, Nizar, Selwa and Nameer. Ali Jawdat lived simply and modestly, and was recognized for his integrity, courage and dedication to Arab nationalism. He died in Beirut on March 3, 1969, shortly after completing his memoire.
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